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Issues / Land & Conflicts

Land & Conflicts

Struggles to control valuable land, natural and mineral resources are at the heart of many conflicts around the world. Many have their roots in colonial conquest and post-colonial resource grabbing by colluding local and global elites. Land conflicts frequently entail clashes of values and meanings associated with land. Conflict risk is rising with climate change and the race to control critical mineral and water resources. Millions of people face loss of livelihoods and displacement.

Resources for Land & Conflicts

459
459
News
2328
Library
67
Blogs
238
Projects
51
Statistical Data
3
Spatial Data

More on this issue

13 December 2024

As part of its efforts to promote secure land tenure in Africa, three Programmes of German Development Cooperation joined hands and brought together 120 land experts from 17 countries to discuss Responsible Land Governance Systems in Somone, Senegal on 7-11 October 2024. This was the second such…

14 November 2024

The project "Responsible Land Policy" (ProPFR) in Cameroon is being implemented since January 2023 and contributes to strengthening land use rights in the Centre Region of Cameroon (primarily in the municipalities of Nanga-Eboko and Yoko), safeguarding the livelihoods of the rural population and…

6 November 2024
We are looking for a Data Management Consultant to join our open data team and support the work on data aggregation, curation, ingestion, and analysis from various sources.

Projects

January 2011 to January 2014

United States dollar

United States dollar
ISO 4217 code
USD
Currency Symbol
$
2100000
Project duration:
to
Euro

LAND-at-scale in Iraq consists of two complementary projects. UN-Habitat will initiate and conduct national policy dialogue on the reform of laws related to land governance to address challenges faced by Iraqis; while also contributing to securing tenure and protect housing, land and property (HLP) rights by registering and resolving land claims of IDPs and returnees in war-affected governorates in Sinjar. Secondly, HIIL will identify existing small-scale initiatives addressing HLP issues in Sinjar and support these for further scaling and explore integration in the policy dialogue.

4000000
Project duration:
to
Euro
Niger is a landlocked country with 80% of its land area covered by desert. Only one eighth of the country's land area can be used for agriculture and livestock. Secure access to fertile land is therefore of vital importance as the country’s population economically depends on it. This scarcity of agricultural land is magnified by the extremely high population pressure in Niger, which has the highest fertility rate in the world. Small family farms mainly have traditional land tenure and use rights, which they may formally obtain, but in reality, this is practically impossible due to the low capacity and insufficient skills of the structures in charge of land tenure. In some parts of the country, customary norms and practices restrict youth and women’s access to land, only in exceedingly rare instances do they access quality land. If women or youth are allocated marginal land, there is often no guarantee of long-term use.
5000000
Project duration:
to
Euro

Context

Reliable access to land plays a central role in food security and poverty reduction as well as for the sustainable use of natural resources. In contrast, poorly defined land use rights encourage conflicts between different population and land user groups and prevent investment in the conservation and restoration of biodiverse landscapes.

3925000
Project duration:
to
Euro

General

The Ivory Coast is the largest cocoa producer in the world, and about 10% of GDP and 15% of government revenues are generated in this sector. However, as of July 2017, only 0.5% of the total agricultural land had a land certificate. At the same time, due to population growth the pressure on land increases. With a change of the forest law in 2015, the owners of land are also the owners of the trees planted on it. However, current land use contracts often remain informal and unclear.

6910000
Project duration:
to
Euro

General

Context Burkina Faso is one of the poorest countries in the world. In 2019, it ranked 182nd out of 189 countries on the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI). 70% of the population lives in rural areas and is highly dependent on agriculture. However, almost no agricultural land is registered or legally recognized. This can threaten farmers' rights to use the land they cultivate and thus their entire livelihood.

25000000
Project duration:
to
United States dollar

General

The Project Development Objective is (a) to support the development of the Afghanistan land administration system; and (b) to provide the population in selected areas with improved land registration services, including issuance of Titles and Occupancy Certificates.

12915000
Project duration:
to
Euro

General

Ethiopia is chronically food insecure and suffers significant food deficits each year. To tackle this challenge, the Government of Ethiopia strives to increase agricultural production, access to markets and employment opportunities. Investments in commercial agriculture are considered one of the key elements in advancing economic development and supporting the country in achieving food security. In the past, Ethiopia promoted foreign and domestic investment in large-scale farming and identified about 3 million hectares for commercial agricultural purposes.

50000000
Project duration:
to
United States dollar

General

The Project Development Objective (PDO) is to provide beneficiaries in selected municipalities with: (a) updated and integrated cadastral and property registry information; and (b) improved land administration services.

8998131
Donors:
United States Agency for International Development

General

The Sudan Rural Land and Governance (SRLG) project is a follow-on project to the Sudan Property Rights Program (SPRP), which assisted the Government of Southern Sudan (GOSS) to develop a draft land policy based on extensive public consultation and research, as well

January 2013 to January 2014

United States dollar

United States dollar
ISO 4217 code
USD
Currency Symbol
$
2100000
Project duration:
to
Euro

LAND-at-scale in Iraq consists of two complementary projects. UN-Habitat will initiate and conduct national policy dialogue on the reform of laws related to land governance to address challenges faced by Iraqis; while also contributing to securing tenure and protect housing, land and property (HLP) rights by registering and resolving land claims of IDPs and returnees in war-affected governorates in Sinjar. Secondly, HIIL will identify existing small-scale initiatives addressing HLP issues in Sinjar and support these for further scaling and explore integration in the policy dialogue.

4000000
Project duration:
to
Euro
Niger is a landlocked country with 80% of its land area covered by desert. Only one eighth of the country's land area can be used for agriculture and livestock. Secure access to fertile land is therefore of vital importance as the country’s population economically depends on it. This scarcity of agricultural land is magnified by the extremely high population pressure in Niger, which has the highest fertility rate in the world. Small family farms mainly have traditional land tenure and use rights, which they may formally obtain, but in reality, this is practically impossible due to the low capacity and insufficient skills of the structures in charge of land tenure. In some parts of the country, customary norms and practices restrict youth and women’s access to land, only in exceedingly rare instances do they access quality land. If women or youth are allocated marginal land, there is often no guarantee of long-term use.
5000000
Project duration:
to
Euro

Context

Reliable access to land plays a central role in food security and poverty reduction as well as for the sustainable use of natural resources. In contrast, poorly defined land use rights encourage conflicts between different population and land user groups and prevent investment in the conservation and restoration of biodiverse landscapes.

3925000
Project duration:
to
Euro

General

The Ivory Coast is the largest cocoa producer in the world, and about 10% of GDP and 15% of government revenues are generated in this sector. However, as of July 2017, only 0.5% of the total agricultural land had a land certificate. At the same time, due to population growth the pressure on land increases. With a change of the forest law in 2015, the owners of land are also the owners of the trees planted on it. However, current land use contracts often remain informal and unclear.

6910000
Project duration:
to
Euro

General

Context Burkina Faso is one of the poorest countries in the world. In 2019, it ranked 182nd out of 189 countries on the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI). 70% of the population lives in rural areas and is highly dependent on agriculture. However, almost no agricultural land is registered or legally recognized. This can threaten farmers' rights to use the land they cultivate and thus their entire livelihood.

25000000
Project duration:
to
United States dollar

General

The Project Development Objective is (a) to support the development of the Afghanistan land administration system; and (b) to provide the population in selected areas with improved land registration services, including issuance of Titles and Occupancy Certificates.

12915000
Project duration:
to
Euro

General

Ethiopia is chronically food insecure and suffers significant food deficits each year. To tackle this challenge, the Government of Ethiopia strives to increase agricultural production, access to markets and employment opportunities. Investments in commercial agriculture are considered one of the key elements in advancing economic development and supporting the country in achieving food security. In the past, Ethiopia promoted foreign and domestic investment in large-scale farming and identified about 3 million hectares for commercial agricultural purposes.

50000000
Project duration:
to
United States dollar

General

The Project Development Objective (PDO) is to provide beneficiaries in selected municipalities with: (a) updated and integrated cadastral and property registry information; and (b) improved land administration services.

990000
Donors:
United States Agency for International Development

General

USAID’s Economic Prosperity Initiative (EPI) supported a working group to develop the Land Registration Strategy and Action Plan. The draft strategy addresses the need to establish policies that deal effectively with all types of owners who received land as part of

January 2008 to January 2013

United States dollar

United States dollar
ISO 4217 code
USD
Currency Symbol
$
2100000
Project duration:
to
Euro

LAND-at-scale in Iraq consists of two complementary projects. UN-Habitat will initiate and conduct national policy dialogue on the reform of laws related to land governance to address challenges faced by Iraqis; while also contributing to securing tenure and protect housing, land and property (HLP) rights by registering and resolving land claims of IDPs and returnees in war-affected governorates in Sinjar. Secondly, HIIL will identify existing small-scale initiatives addressing HLP issues in Sinjar and support these for further scaling and explore integration in the policy dialogue.

4000000
Project duration:
to
Euro
Niger is a landlocked country with 80% of its land area covered by desert. Only one eighth of the country's land area can be used for agriculture and livestock. Secure access to fertile land is therefore of vital importance as the country’s population economically depends on it. This scarcity of agricultural land is magnified by the extremely high population pressure in Niger, which has the highest fertility rate in the world. Small family farms mainly have traditional land tenure and use rights, which they may formally obtain, but in reality, this is practically impossible due to the low capacity and insufficient skills of the structures in charge of land tenure. In some parts of the country, customary norms and practices restrict youth and women’s access to land, only in exceedingly rare instances do they access quality land. If women or youth are allocated marginal land, there is often no guarantee of long-term use.
5000000
Project duration:
to
Euro

Context

Reliable access to land plays a central role in food security and poverty reduction as well as for the sustainable use of natural resources. In contrast, poorly defined land use rights encourage conflicts between different population and land user groups and prevent investment in the conservation and restoration of biodiverse landscapes.

3925000
Project duration:
to
Euro

General

The Ivory Coast is the largest cocoa producer in the world, and about 10% of GDP and 15% of government revenues are generated in this sector. However, as of July 2017, only 0.5% of the total agricultural land had a land certificate. At the same time, due to population growth the pressure on land increases. With a change of the forest law in 2015, the owners of land are also the owners of the trees planted on it. However, current land use contracts often remain informal and unclear.

6910000
Project duration:
to
Euro

General

Context Burkina Faso is one of the poorest countries in the world. In 2019, it ranked 182nd out of 189 countries on the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI). 70% of the population lives in rural areas and is highly dependent on agriculture. However, almost no agricultural land is registered or legally recognized. This can threaten farmers' rights to use the land they cultivate and thus their entire livelihood.

25000000
Project duration:
to
United States dollar

General

The Project Development Objective is (a) to support the development of the Afghanistan land administration system; and (b) to provide the population in selected areas with improved land registration services, including issuance of Titles and Occupancy Certificates.

12915000
Project duration:
to
Euro

General

Ethiopia is chronically food insecure and suffers significant food deficits each year. To tackle this challenge, the Government of Ethiopia strives to increase agricultural production, access to markets and employment opportunities. Investments in commercial agriculture are considered one of the key elements in advancing economic development and supporting the country in achieving food security. In the past, Ethiopia promoted foreign and domestic investment in large-scale farming and identified about 3 million hectares for commercial agricultural purposes.

50000000
Project duration:
to
United States dollar

General

The Project Development Objective (PDO) is to provide beneficiaries in selected municipalities with: (a) updated and integrated cadastral and property registry information; and (b) improved land administration services.

1765798
Donors:
United States Agency for International Development

General

Kenya’s National Accord and Reconciliation Act of 2008 provided a framework for ending the cycle of political violence that erupted again after the 2007 elections and sought to address the causes of the crisis with a schedule of political and development reforms.

January 2010 to January 2013

United States dollar

United States dollar
ISO 4217 code
USD
Currency Symbol
$
2100000
Project duration:
to
Euro

LAND-at-scale in Iraq consists of two complementary projects. UN-Habitat will initiate and conduct national policy dialogue on the reform of laws related to land governance to address challenges faced by Iraqis; while also contributing to securing tenure and protect housing, land and property (HLP) rights by registering and resolving land claims of IDPs and returnees in war-affected governorates in Sinjar. Secondly, HIIL will identify existing small-scale initiatives addressing HLP issues in Sinjar and support these for further scaling and explore integration in the policy dialogue.

4000000
Project duration:
to
Euro
Niger is a landlocked country with 80% of its land area covered by desert. Only one eighth of the country's land area can be used for agriculture and livestock. Secure access to fertile land is therefore of vital importance as the country’s population economically depends on it. This scarcity of agricultural land is magnified by the extremely high population pressure in Niger, which has the highest fertility rate in the world. Small family farms mainly have traditional land tenure and use rights, which they may formally obtain, but in reality, this is practically impossible due to the low capacity and insufficient skills of the structures in charge of land tenure. In some parts of the country, customary norms and practices restrict youth and women’s access to land, only in exceedingly rare instances do they access quality land. If women or youth are allocated marginal land, there is often no guarantee of long-term use.
5000000
Project duration:
to
Euro

Context

Reliable access to land plays a central role in food security and poverty reduction as well as for the sustainable use of natural resources. In contrast, poorly defined land use rights encourage conflicts between different population and land user groups and prevent investment in the conservation and restoration of biodiverse landscapes.

3925000
Project duration:
to
Euro

General

The Ivory Coast is the largest cocoa producer in the world, and about 10% of GDP and 15% of government revenues are generated in this sector. However, as of July 2017, only 0.5% of the total agricultural land had a land certificate. At the same time, due to population growth the pressure on land increases. With a change of the forest law in 2015, the owners of land are also the owners of the trees planted on it. However, current land use contracts often remain informal and unclear.

6910000
Project duration:
to
Euro

General

Context Burkina Faso is one of the poorest countries in the world. In 2019, it ranked 182nd out of 189 countries on the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI). 70% of the population lives in rural areas and is highly dependent on agriculture. However, almost no agricultural land is registered or legally recognized. This can threaten farmers' rights to use the land they cultivate and thus their entire livelihood.

25000000
Project duration:
to
United States dollar

General

The Project Development Objective is (a) to support the development of the Afghanistan land administration system; and (b) to provide the population in selected areas with improved land registration services, including issuance of Titles and Occupancy Certificates.

12915000
Project duration:
to
Euro

General

Ethiopia is chronically food insecure and suffers significant food deficits each year. To tackle this challenge, the Government of Ethiopia strives to increase agricultural production, access to markets and employment opportunities. Investments in commercial agriculture are considered one of the key elements in advancing economic development and supporting the country in achieving food security. In the past, Ethiopia promoted foreign and domestic investment in large-scale farming and identified about 3 million hectares for commercial agricultural purposes.

50000000
Project duration:
to
United States dollar

General

The Project Development Objective (PDO) is to provide beneficiaries in selected municipalities with: (a) updated and integrated cadastral and property registry information; and (b) improved land administration services.

60000
Donors:
United States Agency for International Development

General

The Kyrgyzstan Land Policy Reform Project (KLPRP) was developed primarily to address problems related to realization of land rights, weakly functioning land markets, and unstable land use management. This project works at the national and local levels to inform

January 2011 to January 2014

United States dollar

United States dollar
ISO 4217 code
USD
Currency Symbol
$
2100000
Project duration:
to
Euro

LAND-at-scale in Iraq consists of two complementary projects. UN-Habitat will initiate and conduct national policy dialogue on the reform of laws related to land governance to address challenges faced by Iraqis; while also contributing to securing tenure and protect housing, land and property (HLP) rights by registering and resolving land claims of IDPs and returnees in war-affected governorates in Sinjar. Secondly, HIIL will identify existing small-scale initiatives addressing HLP issues in Sinjar and support these for further scaling and explore integration in the policy dialogue.

4000000
Project duration:
to
Euro
Niger is a landlocked country with 80% of its land area covered by desert. Only one eighth of the country's land area can be used for agriculture and livestock. Secure access to fertile land is therefore of vital importance as the country’s population economically depends on it. This scarcity of agricultural land is magnified by the extremely high population pressure in Niger, which has the highest fertility rate in the world. Small family farms mainly have traditional land tenure and use rights, which they may formally obtain, but in reality, this is practically impossible due to the low capacity and insufficient skills of the structures in charge of land tenure. In some parts of the country, customary norms and practices restrict youth and women’s access to land, only in exceedingly rare instances do they access quality land. If women or youth are allocated marginal land, there is often no guarantee of long-term use.
5000000
Project duration:
to
Euro

Context

Reliable access to land plays a central role in food security and poverty reduction as well as for the sustainable use of natural resources. In contrast, poorly defined land use rights encourage conflicts between different population and land user groups and prevent investment in the conservation and restoration of biodiverse landscapes.

3925000
Project duration:
to
Euro

General

The Ivory Coast is the largest cocoa producer in the world, and about 10% of GDP and 15% of government revenues are generated in this sector. However, as of July 2017, only 0.5% of the total agricultural land had a land certificate. At the same time, due to population growth the pressure on land increases. With a change of the forest law in 2015, the owners of land are also the owners of the trees planted on it. However, current land use contracts often remain informal and unclear.

6910000
Project duration:
to
Euro

General

Context Burkina Faso is one of the poorest countries in the world. In 2019, it ranked 182nd out of 189 countries on the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI). 70% of the population lives in rural areas and is highly dependent on agriculture. However, almost no agricultural land is registered or legally recognized. This can threaten farmers' rights to use the land they cultivate and thus their entire livelihood.

25000000
Project duration:
to
United States dollar

General

The Project Development Objective is (a) to support the development of the Afghanistan land administration system; and (b) to provide the population in selected areas with improved land registration services, including issuance of Titles and Occupancy Certificates.

12915000
Project duration:
to
Euro

General

Ethiopia is chronically food insecure and suffers significant food deficits each year. To tackle this challenge, the Government of Ethiopia strives to increase agricultural production, access to markets and employment opportunities. Investments in commercial agriculture are considered one of the key elements in advancing economic development and supporting the country in achieving food security. In the past, Ethiopia promoted foreign and domestic investment in large-scale farming and identified about 3 million hectares for commercial agricultural purposes.

50000000
Project duration:
to
United States dollar

General

The Project Development Objective (PDO) is to provide beneficiaries in selected municipalities with: (a) updated and integrated cadastral and property registry information; and (b) improved land administration services.

6800000
Donors:
United States Agency for International Development

General

The Land Conflict Resolution Project project will pilot dispute resolution methodologies, establish property rights inventories, develop clan-level Land Dispute Resolution (LDR) entities, promote the legal recognition of LDR, and raise awareness of land rights and

January 2013 to January 2018

United States dollar

United States dollar
ISO 4217 code
USD
Currency Symbol
$
2100000
Project duration:
to
Euro

LAND-at-scale in Iraq consists of two complementary projects. UN-Habitat will initiate and conduct national policy dialogue on the reform of laws related to land governance to address challenges faced by Iraqis; while also contributing to securing tenure and protect housing, land and property (HLP) rights by registering and resolving land claims of IDPs and returnees in war-affected governorates in Sinjar. Secondly, HIIL will identify existing small-scale initiatives addressing HLP issues in Sinjar and support these for further scaling and explore integration in the policy dialogue.

4000000
Project duration:
to
Euro
Niger is a landlocked country with 80% of its land area covered by desert. Only one eighth of the country's land area can be used for agriculture and livestock. Secure access to fertile land is therefore of vital importance as the country’s population economically depends on it. This scarcity of agricultural land is magnified by the extremely high population pressure in Niger, which has the highest fertility rate in the world. Small family farms mainly have traditional land tenure and use rights, which they may formally obtain, but in reality, this is practically impossible due to the low capacity and insufficient skills of the structures in charge of land tenure. In some parts of the country, customary norms and practices restrict youth and women’s access to land, only in exceedingly rare instances do they access quality land. If women or youth are allocated marginal land, there is often no guarantee of long-term use.
5000000
Project duration:
to
Euro

Context

Reliable access to land plays a central role in food security and poverty reduction as well as for the sustainable use of natural resources. In contrast, poorly defined land use rights encourage conflicts between different population and land user groups and prevent investment in the conservation and restoration of biodiverse landscapes.

3925000
Project duration:
to
Euro

General

The Ivory Coast is the largest cocoa producer in the world, and about 10% of GDP and 15% of government revenues are generated in this sector. However, as of July 2017, only 0.5% of the total agricultural land had a land certificate. At the same time, due to population growth the pressure on land increases. With a change of the forest law in 2015, the owners of land are also the owners of the trees planted on it. However, current land use contracts often remain informal and unclear.

6910000
Project duration:
to
Euro

General

Context Burkina Faso is one of the poorest countries in the world. In 2019, it ranked 182nd out of 189 countries on the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI). 70% of the population lives in rural areas and is highly dependent on agriculture. However, almost no agricultural land is registered or legally recognized. This can threaten farmers' rights to use the land they cultivate and thus their entire livelihood.

25000000
Project duration:
to
United States dollar

General

The Project Development Objective is (a) to support the development of the Afghanistan land administration system; and (b) to provide the population in selected areas with improved land registration services, including issuance of Titles and Occupancy Certificates.

12915000
Project duration:
to
Euro

General

Ethiopia is chronically food insecure and suffers significant food deficits each year. To tackle this challenge, the Government of Ethiopia strives to increase agricultural production, access to markets and employment opportunities. Investments in commercial agriculture are considered one of the key elements in advancing economic development and supporting the country in achieving food security. In the past, Ethiopia promoted foreign and domestic investment in large-scale farming and identified about 3 million hectares for commercial agricultural purposes.

50000000
Project duration:
to
United States dollar

General

The Project Development Objective (PDO) is to provide beneficiaries in selected municipalities with: (a) updated and integrated cadastral and property registry information; and (b) improved land administration services.

10500000
Donors:
United States Agency for International Development

General

The Ethiopia Land Administration to Nurture Development (LAND) project works at the national and regional levels of government to further improve the legal and regulatory framework related to land tenure and property rights and thereby support the Government of

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29 December 2024
Banner Image Credits: Photo by Ashwini Chaudhary(Monty) on Unsplash | Free to use under the Unsplash License   Another Human Rights Day has come and gone. And, here we are, still grappling with the ways in which insecure land rights contribute to the erosion of human rights. Even though land rights…
5 November 2024 - 7 November 2024
From November 5-7, 2024, FLAME University in Pune, India, hosted the Eighth India Land and Development Conference (ILDC), organized by LANDSTACK in collaboration with over 40 partners. This leading platform for land governance in the Global South brought together 400 delegates, including 200…